MathIsimple
GCF Calculator

Greatest Common Factor Calculator

Find the Greatest Common Factor (GCF) or Greatest Common Divisor (GCD) of two or more numbers using Euclidean algorithm and prime factorization methods with step-by-step explanations.

100% FreeStep-by-Step SolutionsMultiple Methods
GCF Calculator Input
Enter numbers separated by commas (e.g., 24, 36, 48)

Enter positive integers separated by commas (2-10 numbers recommended)

GCF Calculation Examples
Click on any example to automatically fill the calculator
Euclidean Algorithm
24, 36

Simple GCF example

Prime Factorization
48, 64, 80

GCF of three numbers

Euclidean Algorithm
125, 225, 625

Larger numbers with common factors

Prime Factorization
42, 56, 84

Numbers with multiple common factors

Euclidean Algorithm
100, 250, 500

Numbers with 2 as common factor

Prime Factorization
17, 23, 29

Prime numbers (GCF = 1)

Practice Problems
Test your understanding

Problem 1: Simplify 48/72

What is the GCF of 48 and 72? What is the simplified fraction?

Problem 2: Resource Division

36 students need to be divided into groups of equal size. The maximum group size is the GCF of 36 and what number?

Problem 3: Pattern Recognition

Find the largest number that divides both 84 and 96 evenly.

Problem 4: Three Numbers

What is the GCF of 24, 36, and 48? Try both methods.

Problem 5: Large Numbers

Calculate GCF of 126, 162, and 198. What prime factors do they share?

Advanced Applications in Mathematics
How GCF is used in advanced mathematical concepts

Number Theory

Fundamental concept in number theory, used in cryptography and modular arithmetic

Algebra

Simplifying rational expressions and finding common denominators

Computer Science

Used in algorithms for data compression and hash table implementation

Engineering

Signal processing, gear ratios, and synchronization problems

Understanding Greatest Common Factor

What is GCF?

The Greatest Common Factor (GCF), also known as the Greatest Common Divisor (GCD), is the largest positive integer that divides two or more numbers without leaving a remainder. It represents the largest number that can evenly divide all given numbers.

Mathematical Definition

For integers a, b, and d (where d ≠ 0), d is a common divisor if d divides a and d divides b. The greatest common divisor is the largest such positive integer.

GCF(a, b) = max{d ∈ ℕ | d|a ∧ d|b}

Where ℕ represents the set of natural numbers

Alternative Definition

The GCF can also be defined as the largest positive integer d such that a = d×m and b = d×n for some integers m and n.

If d = GCF(a, b), then a = d×m, b = d×n for some m, n ∈ ℤ

Common Calculation Methods

Euclidean Algorithm

An efficient method using repeated division and remainders based on the property that GCF(a, b) = GCF(b, a mod b)

GCF(48, 18) = GCF(18, 48 mod 18) = GCF(18, 12)
GCF(18, 12) = GCF(12, 18 mod 12) = GCF(12, 6)
GCF(12, 6) = GCF(6, 12 mod 6) = GCF(6, 0) = 6

Prime Factorization

Factor each number into primes, then take the product of the lowest power of common primes

48 = 2⁴ × 3¹, 18 = 2¹ × 3¹
Common factors: 2¹ × 3¹ = 6

List Method

List all divisors of each number and find the greatest common one (works for small numbers)

Mathematical Foundations

Fundamental Theorem

Bezout's Identity: For any integers a and b, there exist integers x and y such that:

a×x + b×y = GCF(a, b)

This shows that the GCF can always be expressed as a linear combination of the original numbers.

Algorithm Efficiency

The Euclidean algorithm has logarithmic time complexity O(log min(a,b)). Each step reduces the problem size by at least half.

For numbers up to 10¹⁸, the algorithm completes in less than 60 steps.

Prime Factorization Theorem

Every positive integer greater than 1 can be uniquely expressed as a product of prime numbers. For GCF calculation:

If a = p₁ᵃ¹ × p₂ᵃ² × ... × pₖᵃᵏ and b = p₁ᵇ¹ × p₂ᵇ² × ... × pₖᵇᵏ
Then GCF(a, b) = p₁ᵐⁱⁿ⁽ᵃ¹ᵇ¹⁾ × p₂ᵐⁱⁿ⁽ᵃ²ᵇ²⁾ × ... × pₖᵐⁱⁿ⁽ᵃᵏᵇᵏ⁾